| Thomas Turner & Co (Suffolk Works) — the stamp and the era | c. 1834 → 1921 | 2 | The only printed point is the firm's years of operation per iKnife (Goins): ca. 1834–1921. No stamp wordings with their own dates were found; dating i |
| Country mark (lower bound, NOT a year) | the requirement applies from 1 March 1891 (Tariff Act of 1890, also known as the McKinley Tariff) | 2 | A country mark is only a LOWER BOUND (the item is no earlier than the introduction of the marking) and never a year. For Turner the mark ENGLAND separ |
| Grind, spine, scales, etching — era markers of a straight razor | 1700s → mid-1900s | 16 | Shared layer for all straight razors: it does not date precisely, but it cuts off an era. All rows are printed wordings from a shop-page guide review |